Total Solar Eclipse of 2009 July 22

On Wednesday, 2009 July 22, a total eclipse of the Sun is visible from within a narrow corridor that traverses half of Earth. The path of the Moon's umbral shadow begins in India and crosses through Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar and China. After leaving mainland Asia, the path crosses Japan's Ryukyu Islands and curves southeast through the Pacific Ocean where the maximum duration of totality reaches 6 min 39 s. A partial eclipse is seen within the much broader path of the Moon's penumbral shadow, which includes most of eastern Asia, Indonesia, and the Pacific Ocean.

This web site has been established for the purpose of providing detailed predictions, maps, figures and information about this important event. The material here is adapted from the NASA Technical Publication "Total Solar Eclipse of 2009 July 22" (NASA/TP-2008-214169). The document will be published in 2008 March. It is part of NASA's official eclipse bulletin publication series. Instructions and a form for ordering a hard copy of this publication can be found at: Order Form for NASA Eclipse Bulletins.

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Preliminary Look at the Total Solar Eclipse of 2009 Jul 22

• Figure 1 - Orthographic (Global) Projection of the 2009 Total Solar Eclipse
• Figure 2 - 2009 Eclipse Path Through India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh
• Figure 3 - 2009 Eclipse Path Through China
• Figure 4 - 2009 Eclipse Path Through Southern Japan
• Figure 5 - 2009 Eclipse Path Through the Marshall and Gilbert Islands
• Figure 6 - Mean Cloudiness in July Along the 2009 Eclipse Path (from satellite imaging)
• Figure 7 - Climate Statistics for July Along the 2009 Eclipse Path
• Figure 8 - Average July Cloudiness Along the 2009 Eclipse Path

This data was presented at: IAU Symposium 233 - Solar Activity and Its Magnetic Origin
See also: Eclipse Weather and Maps (Jay Anderson)

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Interactive Map of the Path of Totality

An implementation of Google Map has been created which includes the central path of the 2009 total solar eclipse. This allows the user to select any portion of the path and to zoom in using either map data or Earth satellite data.

• Interactive Map of 2009 Total Solar Eclipse

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General Maps of the Eclipse Path

The following maps show the overall regions of visibility of the partial eclipse as well as the path of the total eclipse through Asia and the Pacific Ocean. They use high resolution coastline data from the World Data Base II (WDB). Each map was chosen to isolate a specific region along the land portion of the eclipse path. Curves of maximum eclipse are included as well as the outline of the umbral shadow. The maps are available as high resolution (300 dpi) PDF files.

Figure Number	Title/Description	Map File
Figure 1	Orthographic (Global) Map of 2009 Total Solar Eclipse	PDF
Figure 2	Map of 2009 Eclipse Path Through Asia	PDF
Figure 3	Map of 2009 Eclipse Path Through India and Bhutan	PDF
Figure 4	Map of 2009 Eclipse Path Through China	PDF
Figure 5	Map of 2009 Eclipse Path South of Japan	PDF

From NASA Tech. Pub. "Total Solar Eclipse of 2009 July 22" (NASA/TP-2008-214169).

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Detailed Maps of the Path of Totality

The following maps show path of the 2009 total eclipse in greater detail. They use high resolution coastline, city and highway data from the Digital Chart of the World (DCW). Each map was chosen to isolate a specific region along the land portion of the eclipse path. Curves of maximum eclipse are included as well as the outline of the umbral shadow. Within the umbral path, curves of constant duration have been plotted for totality. The maps are available as high resolution (300 dpi) PDF files.

Figure Number	Title/Description	Map File
Figure 6	India- Mumbai	PDF
Figure 7	India - Bhopal	PDF
Figure 8	India (Patna) - Nepal	PDF
Figure 9	India - Bhutan	PDF
Figure 10	India - Burma - China	PDF
Figure 11	China - Chengdu	PDF
Figure 12	China - Chongquig	PDF
Figure 13	China - Wuhan	PDF
Figure 14	China - Shanghai	PDF
Figure 15	Japan - Ryukyu Islands	PDF
Figure 16	Japan - Iwo Jima	PDF
Figure 17	Marshall Islands	PDF
Figure 18	Kiribati	PDF
Figure 19	Phoenix Islands	PDF

From NASA Tech. Pub. "Total Solar Eclipse of 2009 July 22" (NASA/TP-2008-214169).

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Additional Figures

The following figures also appear in the NASA/TP-2008-214169, "Total Solar Eclipse of 2009 July 22".

Figure Number	Title/Description	Figure File
Figure 20	Lunar Limb Profile for July 22 at 01:30 UT	PDF
Figure 21	Average July Cloud Amount Along the Central Line	PDF
Figure 22	Number of Typhoons from 1955 to 2007	PDF
Figure 23	Spectral Response of Common Solar Filters	PDF
Figure 24	Focal Length Vs. Image Size for Eclipse Photography	PDF
Figure 25	Sky During Totality from Central Line at 01:30 UT	PDF

From NASA Tech. Pub. "Total Solar Eclipse of 2009 July 22" (NASA/TP-2008-214169).

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Supplementary Figures

The following figures do not appear in the NASA 2009 Eclipse Bulletin due to page constraints. They are presented here as supplementary material for the bulletin.

Figure Number	Title/Description	Figure File
Figure 20b	Lunar Limb Profile for July 22 at 00:55 UT	PDF
Figure 20c	Lunar Limb Profile for July 22 at 02:00 UT	PDF
Figure 20d	Lunar Limb Profile for July 22 at 03:45 UT	PDF
Figure 20e	Lunar Limb Profile for July 22 at 04:15 UT	PDF
Figure 25b	Sky During Totality from Central India at 00:55 UT	PDF
Figure 25c	Sky During Totality from South of Japan at 02:00 UT	PDF
Figure 25d	Sky During Totality from Marshall Islands at 03:45 UT	PDF
Figure 25e	Sky During Totality from Phoenix Islands at 04:15 UT	PDF

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Eclipse Elements, Shadow Contacts and Path of Totality

The following tables give detailed predictions including the Besselian Elements, shadow contacts with Earth, path of the umbral shadow and topocentric data (with path corrections) along the path. Also included are special extended version tables of path coordinates and graze zones in formats convenient for plotting on maps.

• Table 1 - Elements of the Eclipse
• Table 2 - Shadow Contacts and Circumstances
• Table 3 - Path of the Umbral Shadow
• Table 4 - Physical Ephemeris of the Umbral Shadow
• Table 5 - Local Circumstances on the Central Line
• Table 6 - Topocentric Data and Path Corrections Due to Lunar Limb Profile
• Table 7a - Mapping Coordinates for the Umbral Path
• Table 7b - Mapping Coordinates for the Umbral Path (Extended - 7.5´ step size)
• Table 8a - Mapping Coordinates for the Zones of Grazing Eclipse
• Table 8b - Mapping Coordinates for the Zones of Grazing Eclipse (Extended - 7.5´ step size)

From NASA Tech. Pub. "Total Solar Eclipse of 2009 July 22" (NASA/TP-2008-214169).

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Local Circumstances

The following tables give the local circumstances of the eclipse from various cities throughout Asia and the Pacific Ocean. All contact times are given in the tables are in Universal Time.

• Tables 09 - Local Circumstances for India
• Table 10 - Local Circumstances for China - 1
• Table 11 - Local Circumstances for China - 2
• Table 12 - Local Circumstances for Asia
• Table 13 - Local Circumstances for Southeast Asia
• Table 14 - Local Circumstances for Japan and Pacific

From NASA Tech. Pub. "Total Solar Eclipse of 2009 July 22" (NASA/TP-2008-214169).

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Additional Tables

The following tables also appear in the NASA/TP-2008-214169, "Total Solar Eclipse of 2009 July 22".

• Table 15 - Solar Eclipses of Saros Series 136
• Table 16 - Climate Statistics Along the 2009 Eclipse Path
• Table 17 - Cloud and Sunshine Statistics Along the 2009 Eclipse Path
• Tables 18 & 19 - Eclipse Photography

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Explanation of Eclipse Maps and Tables

The following links give detailed descriptions and explanations of the eclipse maps and tables.

• Map 1 - Orthographic Map of the Eclipse Path
• Table 1 - Elements of the Eclipse
• Table 2 - Shadow Contacts and Circumstances
• Table 3 - Path of the Umbral (or Antumbral) Shadow
• Table 4 - Physical Ephemeris of the Umbral (or Antumbral)Shadow
• Table 5 - Local Circumstances on the Central Line
• Table 6 - Topocentric Data and Path Corrections Due to Lunar Limb Profile
• Table 7 - Mapping Coordinates for the Central Path
• Table 8 - Coordinates for the Zones of Grazing Eclipse
• Mean Lunar Radius
• Lunar Limb Profile
• Limb Corrections to the Path Limits: Graze Zones
• Local Circumstances Tables for Total Solar Eclipses

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"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA's GSFC"

Antarctic Ozone Hole

Antarctic Ozone Hole: 1979 to 2008

download large 1979 image (335 KB, PNG) acquired September 17, 1979
download large 2008 image (373 KB, PNG) acquired October 4, 2008

The stratospheric ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet light, which damages DNA in plants and animals (including humans) and leads to skin cancer. Prior to 1979, scientists had not observed concentrations below 220 Dobson Units. But in the early 1980s, through a combination of ground-based and satellite measurements, scientists began to realize that Earth’s natural sunscreen was thinning dramatically over the South Pole each spring. This large, thin spot in the ozone layer caused by chloroflourocarbons (CFCs) came to be known as the ozone hole.

This pair of images show the beginning and end of a nearly 30-year series of images that are part of our new World of Change: Antarctic Ozone Hole feature. The 1979 image was captured by NASA’s Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instrument aboard Nimbus-7, and the 2008 image is from the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) that flies on NASA’s Aura satellite. Purple and dark blue areas are part of the ozone hole.

As the images show, the word hole isn’t literal; no place is empty of ozone. Scientists use the word hole as a metaphor for the area in which ozone concentrations drop below the historical threshold of 220 Dobson Units. Using this metaphor, they can describe the hole’s size and depth. These maps show the state of the ozone hole each year on the day of maximum depth—the day the lowest ozone concentrations were measured.

In 1979, the ozone hole reached its maximum depth on September 30. At 194 Dobson Units (DU), it was not far below the historical low. The hole was confined to a relatively small area centered on the Antarctic Peninsula and the Weddell Sea to its east. Almost three decades later, the ozone concentration during the 2008 Southern Hemisphere spring bottomed out on October 4, 2008, at just 100 DU. The ozone hole encompassed virtually all of Antarctica and reached across the Southern Ocean toward the tip of South America.

The global recognition of CFCs’ destructive potential led to the 1989 Montreal Protocol banning the production of ozone-depleting chemicals. Scientists estimate that about 80 percent of the chlorine (and bromine, which has a similar ozone-depleting effect) in the stratosphere over Antarctica today is from human, not natural, sources. Models suggest that the concentration of chlorine and other ozone-depleting substances in the stratosphere will not return to pre-1980 levels until the middle decades of this century. These same models predict that the Antarctic ozone layer will recover around 2040. On the other hand, because of the impact of greenhouse gas warming, the ozone layer over the tropics and mid-southern latitudes may not recover for more than a century, and perhaps not ever.


References:
Carlowicz, M. (2009). The World We Avoided by Protecting the Ozone Layer. NASA’s Earth Observatory Website.
Carlowicz, M. (2009). Climate Change and Atmospheric Circulation Will Make for Uneven Ozone Recovery. NASA Portal Website.
NASA. Ozone Hole Watch Website.
NASA images courtesy Goddard Space Flight Center Ozone Processing Team.

Instrument:
Aura - OMI

Content Type / Mime Type for Office 2007

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Regards,
Shaper Jabneel